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PEN - The Global Resource for Nutrition Practice

Infant Formula - Enterobacter Sakazakii

Recommendations and Evidence

Infant Formula - Enterobacter Sakazakii Summary of Recommendations and Evidence

[A] The following conclusions are supported by good evidence:

The risk reduction achieved with using ≥70°C (≥158°F) water for PIF reconstitution needs to be balanced against risks of scalding, which can occur in less than a second with water this hot.


[B] The following conclusions are supported by fair evidence:
Powdered infant formula (PIF) has been implicated in cases of Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) and Salmonella infection among infants. Unlike liquid concentrate and

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